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World Health Day : 7th April 2013 : Theme - "High Blood Pressure"

"Hypertension is a silent killer"
"Most common chronic illness" 

This year the World Health Day is Celebrated on 7th April to mark the anniversary of the founding of WHO (World Health Organisation) in 1948. Each year a theme is selected for World Health Day that highlights a priority area of Public health Concern in the world. 

The theme for 2013 is "HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE" also known as hypertension. We call it "SILENT KILLER". 

What is high blood Pressure or Hypertension? 

Blood Pressure is merely the Pressure that the Blood exerts on the blood vessels, while circulating. It is measured with an instrument called Sphygmomanometer. The normal Blood Pressure is 119/79 mmHg. If it is 120-139/80-89 mmHg, it is Prehypertension. When it reaches 140/90 mmHg, it is called Stage 1 Hypertension. 

There are two types of hypertension, Essential (Primary) & Secondary. The exact etiology of Primary is unknown and there are definitely causes in Secondary hypertension. Many factors are responsible for the Primary Cause. They are. 

Hereditary :- Most experts believe that hereditary does play a role in causing high blood pressure. 

Excess intake of Salt :- That an excessive intake of common salt (Sodium Chloride) elevates the blood pressure is an indisputable. 

Mental tension and approach :- All researchers accept the role of mental tension and negative thinking in the development of blood Pressure. 

Obesity (Excessive Weight):- The incidence of high blood Pressure is 2 ½ times more in obese than in normal personal. 

Sedentary life :- The incidence of high blood pressure is much higher in sedentary persons than in Physical laborers. 

Smoking :- The incidence of high blood Pressure has been found to be higher in smokers. Smokers more often fall Victims to atherosclerosis, heart attack and cerebral hemorrhages. 

Alcohol Consumption :- The incidence of high blood pressure in drinking is 2 ½ times higher than that in non – drinkers. 

Age :- High blood pressure is common in older age group. 

Prevalence : One in three adults worldwide has high blood pressure. The proportion increases with age from 1 in 10 people in their 20s & 30s to 5 in 10 people in their 50s. 70 million Americans and 1 billion people worldwide have high blood pressure. The global burden of hypertension is rising and Projected to affect 1.5 billion persons, one third of the world's population by the year 2025. 

In India, it was reported on 1995 from Jaipur, the incidence of Hypertension was 30% in male and 33% in female. Again on 1999 the incidence at Mumbai was 44% in male and 45% in Female. In Manipur there is no clear cut study report but many Hypertensive patients are brought to the hospitals with severe complications. 

Signs and Symptoms 

High blood pressure is called the silent killer because it often does not produce any signs or symptoms to some patients. Patient may have headache, dizziness or nosebleeding, palpitation, muscle cramps, giddiness, burning of eyes, distended neck veins, insomnia, neck pain & vertigo. But some patients have high blood pressure for years without every knowing it. Sign and symptoms typically don't occur until high blood pressure has advanced to a higher possibility of life threatening-stage. 

Hazards of High Blood Pressure 
In patients of high blood pressure the blood vessels are narrow, hard and brittle. This disorder is term atherosclerosis. Heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure and cerebral haemorrhage are the natural consequences of high blood pressure. Also it shortens the life and drags its victim to a premature death. 

Prevention of High Blood Pressure 

High blood pressure is preventable and treatable. The old adage, 'Prevention is better than cure' is especially true for high blood pressure.
Reducing salt intake 2-4 gms/day, avoid salty foods as much as possible.
Eating a balance diet.
Avoiding harmful use of alcohol.
Taking regular physical activity at least 1 hr per day.
Avoid tobacco use.
Control Blood cholesterol and blood sugar.
Sound sleep at night. Sleep 2 hrs gap after dinner. 

The ultimate goal of World Health Day 2013 is to reduce heart attacks and strokes. 

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Is It Cardiac Arrest or Heart Attack?

A heart attack and a cardiac arrest, though both significant and dangerous, are two different cardiac events. Heart attacks happen when too little blood flow gets to the heart. In cardiac arrest, however, the heart malfunctions and stops beating, at which point a person may suddenly lose consciousness.

What Happens During a Heart Attack?

The medical term for a heart attack is myocardial infarction, or MI. Someone in the United States has a heart attack about every 34 seconds. These attacks occur because the blood supply to part of the heart muscle gets cut off — often a consequence of atherosclerosis, the formation of a fat-based plaque inside one or more of the arteries that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

Heart attack symptoms may start suddenly or gradually. They include:

• Chest pain. This may feel like pressure, pain, or tightness in the center of your chest. It may come and go but usually lasts for several minutes.
• Radiating pain. Pain may be felt in your arms, back, or jaw. This type of pain is more common in women.
• Difficulty breathing. You may be short of breath with or without pain.
• Other symptoms. You may have stomach pain, nausea, dizziness, or cold sweats. These symptoms are also more common in women.

What Happens During Cardiac Arrest?

About 295,000 incidences of cardiac arrest happen outside of a hospital every year in the United States. While a heart attack is a problem related to circulation, a cardiac arrest is an electrical problem that causes an irregular heartbeat, or an arrhythmia. An arrhythmia can keep your heart from pumping enough blood or it can stop it from beating completely.

A heart attack increases the risk for cardiac arrest, but most heart attacks do not cause cardiac arrest. Other heart conditions that can lead to cardiac arrest include diseases of the heart muscle, heart failure, and a type of arrhythmia called ventricular fibrillation.

During cardiac arrest, also called sudden cardiac event, a person will pass out as his or her heart loses its ability to get blood to the brain. Usually they won’t be breathing and will have no pulse.

What to Do for a Heart Attack and for Cardiac Arrest

Heart attack and cardiac arrest are different heart problems, but they are both emergencies in which every second counts. If you think you or someone near you is having a heart attack or is in cardiac arrest, immediately contact near by Hospital.

For cardiac arrest. If someone has cardiac arrest and you know how to do hands-only CPR, you can double or even triple that person’s chance of survival. Here are the steps to take if someone has cardiac arrest:

Yell for help.

Call Emergency.

Check for breathing. If the person is not breathing, start CPR.

Use an automated external defibrillator (AED) if one is available.

Continue CPR until help arrives.

For a heart attack. Your chances of surviving a heart attack depend on how severe the attack is and how quickly you get treated. The best advice: Don't wait more than five minutes before calling for emergency help. With fast and proper heart attack treatment, most people recover.

Knowing how to identify a heart attack or cardiac arrest and knowing what to do could save your life or someone else's life. Contact, Getwell Medical Center +971 4 3595935.

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